PTSD and depression after the Madrid March 11 train bombings.

Avoiding the death risk of avoiding a dread risk: the aftermath of March 11 in Spain.

Abstract-After the airplane attacks of September 11, 2001, in the United States, many Americans drove instead of flying, to avoid the risk of terrorism. As a result, there were extra car accidents in which many people died. This study tested whether a similar effect occurred in Spain after the train bombings of March 11, 2004, in Madrid. Data on train travel, highway traffic, and fatal highway ...

Psychopathological consequences after a terrorist attack: an epidemiological study among victims, the general population, and police officers.

BACKGROUND AND AIM To assess the prevalence and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression and anxiety disorders other than PTSD, among three samples with different level of exposure to the March 11, 2004 terrorist attacks in Madrid. METHOD We sampled three groups of persons-those injured in the attacks, the residents of Alcala de Henares, and police officers involv...

Correspondence: Does Terrorism Ever Work? The 2004 Madrid Train Bombings

Post-traumatic stress reactions following the March 11, 2004 terrorist attacks in a Madrid community sample: a cautionary note about the measurement of psychological trauma.

Posttraumatic stress reactions related to the Madrid March 11, 2004, terrorist attacks were examined in a sample of Madrid residents (N = 503) 18-25 days after the attacks, using multiple diagnostic criteria and different cut-off scores. Based on the symptoms covered by the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C; Weathers, Litz, Herman, Huska, and Keane, 1993), rates of probabl...

Media exposure and sympathetic nervous system reactivity predict PTSD symptoms after the Boston marathon bombings.

BACKGROUND Terrorist attacks have been shown to precipitate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology in children and adolescents, particularly among youths with high exposure to media coverage surrounding such events. Media exposure may be particularly likely to trigger PTSD symptoms in youths with high physiological reactivity to stress or with prior psychopathology or exposure to v...